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Gridless direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with multiple frequencies can be applied to acoustic source localization. We formulate this as an atomic norm minimization (ANM) problem and derive a regularization-free semi-definite program (SDP) avoiding regularization bias. We also propose a fast SDP program to deal with non-uniform frequency spacing. The DOA is retrieved via irregular Vandermonde decomposition (IVD), and we theoretically guarantee the existence of the IVD. We extend ANM to the multiple measurement vector setting and derive its equivalent regularization-free SDP. For a uniform linear array using multiple frequencies, we can resolve more sources than the sensors. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated via numerical experiments. 

Gridless direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with multiple frequencies can be applied in acoustics source localization problems. We formulate this as an atomic norm minimization (ANM) problem and derive an equivalent regularization-free semi-definite program (SDP) thereby avoiding regularization bias. The DOA is retrieved using a Vandermonde decomposition on the Toeplitz matrix obtained from the solution of the SDP. We also propose a fast SDP program to deal with non-uniform array and frequency spacing. For non-uniform spacings, the Toeplitz structure will not exist, but the DOA is retrieved via irregular Vandermonde decomposition (IVD), and we theoretically guarantee the existence of the IVD. We extend ANM to the multiple measurement vector (MMV) cases and derive its equivalent regularization-free SDP. Using multiple frequencies and the MMV model, we can resolve more sources than the number of physical sensors for a uniform linear array. Numerical results demonstrate that the regularization-free framework is robust to noise and aliasing, and it overcomes the regularization bias. 

Toeplitz operators are fundamental and ubiquitous in signal processing and information theory as models for linear, time-invariant (LTI) systems. Due to the fact that any practical system can access only signals of finite duration, time-limited restrictions of Toeplitz operators are naturally of interest. To provide a unifying treatment of such systems working on different signal domains, we consider time-limited Toeplitz operators on locally compact abelian groups with the aid of the Fourier transform on these groups. In particular, we survey existing results concerning the relationship between the spectrum of a time-limited Toeplitz operator and the spectrum of the corresponding non-time-limited Toeplitz operator. We also develop new results specifically concerning the eigenvalues of time-frequency limiting operators on locally compact abelian groups. Applications of our unifying treatment are discussed in relation to channel capacity and in relation to representation and approximation of signals.